Liquids and Solids
Notes on Liquids and Solids: Characteristic Properties of Liquid: - Liquid has a definite volume, but assumes the shape of its container
- Liquid has a relatively high density, when compared to gas
- Liquid is not quite compressible
- The liquid molecules tend to slide past one another freely
Viscosity is a liquid’s resistance to flow. - Honey has a high viscosity
- Gasoline has a low viscosity
Characteristic Properties of Solid - Solid has a definite shape and volume
- Solid has a higher density than liquid
- There are some exceptions, such as water
- Solid is virtually incompressible
- Solid molecules vibrate in fixed positions
Most solid substances are crystalline. In a crystal, the particles are arranged as a crystal lattice, which is an ordered and repeating three-dimensional pattern - The smallest group of particles within a crystal that retains the crystal’s geometric shape is called unit cell.
- The unit cell in a cubic crystal system may be:
- simple cubic
- atoms or ions are arranged at the corners of an imaginary cube
- body-centered cubic
- atoms or ions are the corners and in the center of an imaginary cube
- face-centered cubic
- atoms or ions are at the corners and in the center of each face of the imaginary cube
Not all solids are crystalline, some solids are amorphous. - Amorphous solid: lacks an ordered internal structure.
- Their atoms are in random arrangements
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